![]() ![]() Current research has mostly focused on the horses themselves. The considerable gain in mobility and distance had profound effects on land use, trade, and warfare. The use of animals for transport, in particular the horse, marked a turning point in human history. Horse riding is a pivotal moment in human history We also start understanding the complex exchange processes in material culture and burial customs between newcomers and locals in the 200 years after their first contact," explains Bianca Preda-Bălănică, another team member from the University of Helsinki. For example, findings of physical violence as were expected are practically non-existent in the skeletal record so far. "Our research is now beginning to provide a more nuanced picture of their interactions. With the advent of ancient DNA research, the differences between these migrants from the east and members of local societies became even more pronounced. For decades, the Early Bronze Age expansion of steppe people into southeastern Europe was explained as a violent invasion. ![]() These regions west of the Black Sea constitute a contact zone where mobile groups of herdsmen from the Yamnaya culture first encountered the long-established farmer communities of Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic traditions. It was already rather common in members of the Yamnaya culture between 30 BCE," says Volker Heyd, Professor of Archaeology at the University of Helsinki and a member of the international team, which made the discovery. "Horseback-riding seems to have evolved not long after the presumed domestication of horses in the western Eurasian steppes during the fourth millennium BCE. Yamnayans were mobile cattle and sheep herders, now believed to be on horseback. The Yamnayans had migrated from the Pontic-Caspian steppes to find greener pastures in today´s countries of Romania and Bulgaria up to Hungary and Serbia. The earthen burial mounds belonged to the Yamnaya culture. The researchers discovered evidence of horse riding by studying the remains of human skeletons found in burial mounds called kurgans, which were between 4500-5000 years old. ![]()
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